    computer resource sharing, it was apparent early on that a major use
    of such networks would be for access to computer resources and
    interaction between users [10]. Following the Arpanet development,
    a number of other networks have been developed and used to provide
    both of these functions [11]. CSNET was initiated to provide
    communications between computer science researchers [12,13]. CSNET
    was initiated by the NSF in cooperation with a number of
    universities, but is now self-sufficient.   Its subscribers include
    universities throughout the world as well as industrial members
    interested in interacting with computer scientists.

    CSNET makes use of a number of networking technologies including the
    Arpanet, public X.25 networks, and dial-up connections over phone
    lines, to support electronic mail and other networking functions. In
    addition to the basic data transport service, CSNET and Arpanet
    operate network information centers which provide help to users of
    the network as well as a number of services including a listing of
    users with their mail addresses (white pages) and a repository where
    relevant documents are stored and can be retrieved.

    With the installation of supercomputers came the desire to provide
    network access for researchers. One of the early networks to
    provide this capability was MFEnet [11]. It was established in the
    early 1970's to provide DOE-supported users access to
    supercomputers, particularly a Cray 1 at Lawrence Livermore National

    Labs. Because MFEnet was established prior to widespread adoption of
    the TCP/IP protocol suite (to be discussed below), the MFEnet uses a
    different set of protocols. However, interfaces have been developed
    between the MFEnet and other networks, and a migration plan is
    currently under development.

NASA Ames Research Center has long been in the forefront of using

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