Abstract:An Ad Hoc Network is a multi-hop, temporary and autonomous system composed by mobile nodes with wireless receiving and sending functions. Compared with wired networks, the Ad Hoc network has some unique characteristics that sometimes may cause the traditional network protocol stacks not to function well in Ad Hoc networks. The solution to this problem is to make the Ad Hoc protocol stack meet mUCh higher requirements as follows, while compared with the traditional protocol stack. The physical layer is required to achieve synchronization initiated by distributed multiple nodes. The Media Access Control (MAC) layer should be able to manage the random receiving and sending at distributed multi-stations. The network layer should effectively manage the distributed routing protocols. The transport layer should have the capability to optimize the configuration for different services.
Ad Hoc网络是由许多带有无线收发装置的通信终端(也称为节点、站点)构成的一种自组织的自治系统。因特网工程任务组(IETF)对Ad Hoc网络的定义是：一个移动Ad Hoc网络可以看作是一个独立的自治系统或者是一个对因特网的多跳无线扩展。作为一个自治系统，它有自己的路由协议和网络管理机制；作为多跳无线扩展，它应该对因特网提供一种灵活、无缝的接入。
与其他通信网络相比，Ad Hoc网络有很多特点：
(1)无中心节点
Ad Hoc是一种完全意义的分布式网络，网络中没有严格的控制中心节点，所有节点的地位平等，是一个对等式网络。节点可以随时加入和离开网络。任何节点的故障不会影响整个网络的运行，因此具有很强的抗毁性。
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